There are two types of facial moisturizers. Oil-in-water emulsions usually contain humectants such as glycerin which attract water. Added water from the environment is wonderful for the skin. The second category of moisturizer is the water-in-oil emulsion. These creams and lotions work by forming a water-trapping barrier on the skin surface.Look for the ingredient sodium hyaluronate which locks in moisture and prevents it from leaving the skin. Humectants are often added in these products as well.
The major difference between moisturizing products is the ratio of water to oil. Even products labeled oil-free sometimes have small amounts of oil in them. You can sometimes find the ratio of water to oil on the label of the moisturizer.
PETROLEUM-BASED MOISTURIZERS are very effective at locking in moisture. They can, however, block pores and feel sticky.
VEGETABLE OILS are sometimes used as the base for moisturizers but in general are not as effective as mineral oils or animal fats.
INGREDIENTS SUCH AS VITAMIN E, COLLAGEN, PROTEINS, HORMONES, PLACENTAL EXTRACTS AND AMINO ACIDS are sometimes added to moisturizing products.
VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES are added to anti-aging products.
CHEMICALLY ENHANCED products contain agents such as urea, glycolic acid or lactic acid. They are formulated to improve the moisture-retaining ability of the moisturizer and are often recommended for dry skin.
FRAGRANCES are added to products to provide a pleasent aroma and to mask the odor of other ingredients.
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All skin types benefit from the use of some type of moisturizer.
DRY SKIN needs a heavier, oil-based moisturizer that will absorb completely into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and supple. Oils are more effective than creams at preventing water evaporation. Look for the ingredients urea or propylene glycol, chemicals that keep skin moist.
NORMAL SKIN has a healthy moisture balance. Water-based moisturizers containing lightweight oils such as acetyl alcohol or silicone-derived ingredients will help maintain healthy, normal skin.
OILY AND COMBINATION SKIN types benefit most from an oil-free, water-based moisturizer. Oil-free products are made from synthetic chemicals and contain little to no oils or animal fat. If you have oily skin, use all moisturizers sparingly. Look for products labeled 'noncomedogenic' which means they are formulated to prevent clogged pores. Test moisturizers to find one that leaves a matte finish on the skin. This will minimize shine and the appearance of large pores.
SENSITIVE SKIN needs a moisturizer that does not contain fragrances or dyes and is designed for this skin type.
EXTRA DRY AND MATURE SKIN requires more moisture. Nourishing oils, dense creams and balms are formulated specifically for both these skin types. These products help to temporarily plump up the skin, maiing it appear smoother and reducing the appearance of fine lines. Look for petrolatum-based moisturizers that also contain ingredients such as lactic acid or alpha hydroxy acids which help to prevent dry skin.
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